West-Estonian Lowland

6035 km2

 

The Uuejõe river with its moving mouth at Nõva Landscape Protection Area
http://pilt.delfi.ee/picture/3147719/

The largest plain of most complex forms

Extends about 120 km in the north-south direction, from the coast of Moonsund to the coast of the Livonian Gulf, including islands and numerous islets

More than 510 km bordered by coastal zone

Younger than the High Estonia: terrestrialization began ab 9300 years ago

Since then land uplift 90 m in North - West, 55-65 m in the South

Formed during glaciation: abrasional heights and basins, later glacio-lacustral and marine plains, still later - mires

The plain is indented by the mound-like abraded till plains and varved clay glacio-lacustrine plains (near Matsalu, Haapsalu, Pärnu, Vändra, etc)

East-directional bays: Haapsalu and Matsalu

The bedrock: mostly Ordovician bioherm limestone of the Jaagarahu Stratum (riffs) and the Silurian Klint

Elevations (heights) of bioherm limestone at Koonga, Oidrema, Pärnu-Jaagupi

carbonate rock drumlin fields at Kirbla, Lihula, Soontagana

Coastal terraces, till plateaus: the Devon Pärnu Stage sandstone on limestone bedrock: Tõstamaa dunes

The Kasari river - with the biggest catchment area and big flood area

Coastal lakes, developed from bay-bights:

  • a rich variety of meadows and extensive reedbeds
  • rich variety of migratory waterfowl, meadow communities
  • area of coastal meadows decreasing dramatically

Sparse settlement, especially in SW and SE

A number of recreational areas in addition to traditional agriculture and fishing

The only bigger city: Haapsalu

Matsalu National Park - on of the biggest waterfowl protection areas in Europe

Silma Landscape Protection Area - to protect the terrestrilizing bay as a waterfowl area

Nõva Landscape Protection Area - to protect coastal sand terraces and plains